9/25/2023 0 Comments Brahminy kite falconerThe selected dosage was based on previous studies that used meloxicam in raptors. ACKU64-VET-052) approved the animal care and procedures.Įach bird was injected with meloxicam (1 mg/kg IM once, Metacam Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Germany) at the pectoral muscle. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Kasetsart University, Thailand (approval No. Before blood collection, they were fasted for 24 h but were provided water ad libitum. During the study period, all the birds were fed frozen-thaw day-old chicks ad libitum every other day. Outdoor rehabilitation enclosures were used to house the birds. The results suggested that they were healthy. The PCV and plasma protein were in the normal reference range. All birds showed normal clinical appearance and behavior. The juvenile Barn owl group (n = 8) were orphaned birds.īefore the protocol started, all birds received a complete physical examination by a veterinarian and initial blood testing for packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma protein. The adult Barn owl group (n = 4) were disabled and non-releasable due to a wing injury and were kept as education birds. The Barn owls were divided into two groups. All raptors had been admitted to Kasetsart University Raptor Rehabilitation Unit (Thailand). Twenty-two raptors, unknown sex, in two families, were used in this study: the Accipitridae family, Brahminy kite ( Haliastur indus) (n = 10) the Strigidae family, Barn owl ( Tyto javanica) (n = 12). Consequently, this study evaluated the short- and long-term effects of the meloxicam injection in Brahminy kites and Barn owls, the common raptor species in Thailand, at a 1 mg/kg dosage using the physical examination, hematology, and blood biochemistry profile. Nevertheless, the long-term effects of using meloxicam were not evident in the study. According to the study on American kestrels, the high dosage of oral meloxicam administration could lead to hepatic lipidosis and gastric ulcer without the consequence of nephrotoxicity after administrating oral meloxicam at 20 mg/kg dosage for seven days. Meloxicam, a COX-2-preferential NSAID, which inhibits COX-2 rather than COX-1, is used wildly in exotic and avian medicine because of its fewer adverse effects than other drugs. On the other hand, there are no reports of renal toxicity with meloxicam in 39 individuals from six species of Gyps vultures and a minimum of 700 birds from 54 other raptors and scavenging species at 0.1–0.75 mg/kg dosage. NSAIDs also play a significant role in renal toxicity in raptors, as in other bird species, particularly flunixin meglumine and carprofen. Therefore, those selective COX-2 inhibition NSAIDs that interfere with COX-2 activity can adversely affect the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. On the other hand, COX-2 metabolites have been implicated in maintaining renal blood flow, mediating renin release, and regulating sodium excretion. COX-2-selective NSAIDs are used wildly in avian medicine based on the hypothesis that the inhibition of COX-1 has renal adverse effects. The kidney uses both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 for prostaglandin synthesis renal injury occurs when renal prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited. Those consequences can be severe and lead rapidly to renal failure and visceral gout. The negative impacts on renal tissue and function appear to be the most prevalent side effect of using NSAIDs in avian species. The most common adverse effects of NSAIDs in mammals are related to the gastrointestinal, renal, and coagulation systems. The adverse effects of NSAIDs are dose-dependent. NSAIDs have often been used to relieve acute and chronic pain in the musculoskeletal and visceral organs. Various analgesic drugs are used in birds, consisting of opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anesthetics, and providing multimodal protocols with other drugs acting at different points in the nociceptive system. Analgesia has become a standard and appropriate practice in avian medicine.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |